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General information
1. Who must meet the flight review
requirements?
Anyone who intends to act as pilot in command and is not affected
by the exemptions listed below. In addition, recreational pilots
must receive instruction as required by FAR Section 61.101(d)
if more than 180 days have passed since they acted as pilot in
command of an airplane.
2. Which operations exempt
a pilot from the flight review requirements?
The following serve as exemptions:
o FAR Section 61.58 pilot proficiency check.
o FAR Part 121 pilot proficiency check.
o FAR Part 135 pilot proficiency check.
o FAR Part 141 chief pilot proficiency check.
o Military pilot proficiency check.
o Other proficiency checks administered by the
FAA.
o Pilot examiner annual flight check.
o Flight test for any certificate or rating.
o Operations specifically authorized by the FAA.
o Satisfactory completion of any phase of the FAA
"Wings" program.
3. Who is authorized to conduct
flight reviews?
Any appropriately certificated instructor or other person designated
by the FAA Administrator. For more information, see questions
39, 40, and 41.
4. Will a notice of a flight
review that was not successful be forwarded to the FAA?
No.
5. Does an instrument competency
check serve as a flight review?
No. The instructor may combine the two functions during the same
flight, however. In that case, the pilot's logbook must be endorsed
for a competency check and flight review.
Pilot information
6. I hold a student pilot certificate.
Must I get a flight review?
No. Flight reviews are required for those persons holding recreational,
private, commercial, and airline transport pilot certificates.
Your general operating rules are contained in FAR Part 61, Subpart
C.
7. Why should I get a flight
review?
The purpose of the review is to ensure that you continue to update
and expand your skills as a pilot. You fly with an instructor
of your choice who will assist you in improving your piloting
abilities and make sure you're up-to-date on current regulations,
operating practices, and other subjects he or she deems appropriate.
The object is to make flying safer for everyone. Additionally,
you would be in violation of applicable FARs if you acted as
pilot in command after the expiration date of your review.
8. My last flight review
was conducted on 07-16-04. When will it expire?
From the review's inception in November 1974 until January 1987,
the expiration occurred at the end of 24 months. In order to
standardize the duration of reviews, the FAA changed the FAR
to place the expiration date at the end of the month. Effective
January 6, 1987, flight reviews are valid for 24 calendar months.
Your review is current through 07/31/06.
9. My flight review is not
current. Is my pilot certificate invalid?
No. Your pilot certificate is valid until surrendered, suspended,
or revoked. You may not act as pilot in command until you satisfactorily
complete a flight review, however, you may act as second in command
and as a safety pilot.
10. I do not intend to carry
passengers. Can't I fly solo?
No. You are acting as pilot in command during solo flight. Therefore,
you need a current review.
11. How do I get current
to act as pilot in command?
Simple. Satisfactorily complete a flight review.
12. Must I possess a current
medical certificate when I get a flight review?
No. You cannot act as pilot in command, however, either during
the flight review or at any time thereafter until you have been
issued a medical certificate.
13. If I do not satisfactorily
complete a flight review, must I return to the same flight instructor
for my next attempt?
No. You still have the choice of using any instructor. However,
using the same instructor should save time because that instructor
may already have evaluated some areas as satisfactory.
14. My flight review has
expired. May an instructor endorse my logbook for solo flight,
allowing me to practice maneuvers prior to taking my flight review?
No. There is no provision in the FARs that permits an instructor
to endorse a certificated pilot's logbook for solo flight following
the expiration of a flight review.
15. I am currently taking
dual instruction for an additional rating. Must I get a flight
review?
You may not act as pilot in command after your current flight
review expires. If you wish to continue, you must satisfactorily
complete a flight review or obtain the additional rating before
your current flight review expires.
16. May I go back to an instructor
who previously gave me flight instruction and have him sign my
logbook for the satisfactory completion of a flight review?
If you do so, recognize that you are asking the instructor to
rely on memory of your previous flight(s) to ascertain whether,
at that time, you met the criteria for the satisfactory completion
of a flight review. Furthermore, endorsement of a flight review
under those circumstances does not permit the instructor to evaluate
and comment on your current flight proficiency and knowledge
of FAR Part 91.
17. Must I get a flight review
in each category and class of aircraft for which I am rated?
No. The satisfactory completion of a flight review allows you
to exercise the privilege of pilot in command in all categories
and classes of aircraft on your pilot certificate. Recognizing
that flight characteristics of aircraft differ, many pilots,
however, elect to get flight reviews in each category and class
held on their pilot certificate.
18. I hold a commercial pilot
certificate. Must I demonstrate all the maneuvers contained in
the commercial practical test standards?
Not necessarily. You are required to demonstrate those maneuvers
and procedures determined by the flight instructor as necessary
to assure you can safely exercise the privileges of your certificate.
See question 38 for more details.
19. I have an instrument
rating. Will my flight review include a review of instrument
maneuvers and procedures?
Not necessarily. The maneuvers and procedures included in a flight
review are solely at the discretion of the person conducting
the review.
20. Must I take an FAA written
examination?
No. There is a requirement, however, that you demonstrate your
knowledge of the general operating and flight rules of FAR Part
91.
21. How will I demonstrate
this?
Usually through an informal question-and-answer session with
the instructor. However, in some cases, the instructor may provide
a questionnaire for you to complete.
22. How can I show satisfactory
completion of a flight review?
Your logbook will be endorsed by the instructor who gave you
the review.
23. How will the endorsement
appear?
Advisory Circular 61-65 recommends the endorsement read as follows:
Mr./Mrs._____________ Holder of Pilot Certificate #00000001 has
satisfactorily completed a flight review on 08-08-04 s/sJ. Jones
123456 CFI, EXP. 12-21-05.
24. Must I now carry my logbook
on all flights?
No. You are only required to show logbook evidence if requested.
25. To whom must I present
this evidence?
The FAA Administrator or any person to whom he has delegated
his authority, or an authorized representative of the NTSB or
any state or local law enforcement officer. Additionally, you
may be asked to show the evidence to a fixed-based operator in
order to rent an airplane.
26. How do I log the flight
time?
Because the regulation specifically states "1 hour of flight
instruction," it must be logged as dual instruction received.
However, in accordance with FAR 61.51(c)(2)(i), you may also
log, as pilot in command, that time during which you were the
sole manipulator of the controls, provided that you have a current
flight review.
27. Is my aircraft required
to have the instruments and equipment required for instrument
flight rules flight?
Your aircraft must have the instruments and equipment required
for the type of flight operations you intend to conduct. This
decision should be made during the preflight discussion phase
of the review.
28. May I get a flight review
in an aircraft that does not have dual controls?
No. FAR 61.56 specifically requires "flight instruction"
and FAR 91.109 requires that all flight instruction be given
in aircraft equipped with dual controls. The only exception to
this requirement is instrument instruction given in an aircraft
with a single throw-over control wheel.
29. Can I take a flight review
in a single-place airplane?
No. Again, FAR 61.56 requires that at least one hour of flight
instruction be given to qualify as a review. The term "flight
instruction" is generally construed to mean instruction
given to a person while in an aircraft accompanied by a flight
instructor. Although it is always possible for the FAA to change
its interpretation, the present answer to this question is that
a flight review cannot be conducted in a single place aircraft.
30. Can I take a flight review
in an aircraft certified in the Experimental category?
Yes. It must meet the dual-control requirements and, of course,
any limitations imposed by FAR 91.319. In addition, you must
comply with the applicable limitations on the aircraft's airworthiness
certificate.
31. May I use a ground trainer
exclusively for a flight review?
Except as provided in question two, a flight in an aircraft must
occur at some point in the review process.
32. I recently acquired a
pilot certificate issued by a foreign country. Does this serve
as a flight review?
No.
33. I am residing outside
of the United States. Do I need a flight review?
If you are acting as pilot in command on the basis of your U.S.
pilot certificate, you must have a current flight review. Acting
as pilot in command on the basis of a foreign certificate does
not require a flight review unless required by the foreign country.
34. I am recently discharged
military pilot. The date of my last military pilot proficiency
check is 10-20-03. When must I complete a flight review?
In order to continue acting as pilot in command, you must satisfactorily
complete a flight review on or before 10-31-05.
Instructor information
35. Who acts as pilot in command
during the conduct of a flight review?
This question should be resolved before flight
so that both you and the pilot have a clear understanding of
command responsibilities. You should inspect the pilot's logbook,
pilot certificate, and medical certificate to ensure that he
or she is qualified to act as pilot in command. If the pilot
does not meet the pilot-in-command requirements, you must assume
that role. While you are in the process of inspecting paperwork,
don't forget to check the status of the aircraft. Is it airworthy?
36. What is the minimum amount
of time for a review?
The time required will vary with the individual pilot and instructor.
Reviews must consist of at least one hour of ground and one hour
of flight instruction.
37. What subjects are covered
during the oral portion?
As you know, the only subject specified by FAR Section 61.56
is FAR Part 91. It is recommended that you tailor the review
of Part 91 to the needs of the pilot being reviewed. The objective
is to ensure that the pilot can comply with regulatory requirements
and operate safety in various types of airspace and under various
weather conditions. As a result, you should conduct a review
that is broad enough to meet this objective, yet provide a more
comprehensive and in-depth review in those areas where the pilot's
knowledge is not as extensive. In the latter instances, you may
wish to employ a variety of reference sources to ensure that
the pilot's knowledge is current.
The review of Part 91 is critical due to the increasing
complexity of airspace and the need to ensure that all pilots
are familiar with Class B, Class C, and other types of airspace.
The flight review may be the only regular proficiency and updating
period experienced by some pilots. Accordingly, you should place
appropriate emphasis on this part of the review.
The following outline may provide you with a useful
format for organizing the Part 91 review and ensuring that essential
areas are covered.
Subpart A — General
91.3 Responsibility and authority of the pilot in command
91.7 Civil aircraft airworthiness
91.9 Civil aircraft flight manual, marking, and placards
91.17 Alcohol or drugs
91.21 Portable electronic devices
Subpart B — Flight Rules
91.103 Preflight action
91.107 Use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses and child restraint
91.113 Right of way rules
91.117 Aircraft speed
91.119 Minimum safe altitudes
91.123 Compliance with ATC clearances and instructions
91.126-130 Operations in Class A, B, C, D, E and G airspace
91.139 Emergency air traffic rules
91.151 Fuel requirements for flight in VFR conditions
91.155 Basic VFR weather minimums
91.157 Special VFR weather minimums
91.167 Fuel requirements for flight in IFR conditions
91.175 Takeoff and landing under IFR
91.177 Minimum altitudes for IFR operations
91.185 IFR operations: Two-way radio communications failure
Subpart C — Equipment, Instrument, and Certificate
Requirements
91.207 Emergency locator transmitters
91.213 Inoperative instruments and equipment
91.215 ATC transponder and altitude reporting equipment and use
Subpart D — Special Flight Operations
91.303 Aerobatic flight
91.325 Primary Category Aircraft: Operating limitations
Subpart E — Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance
and Alterations
91.409 Inspections
91.411 Altimeter system and altitude reporting equipment tests
91.413 ATC transponder tests and inspections
91.417 Maintenance records
Other subjects recommended for discussion with
the pilot include aviation weather, aeronautical charts, navigation,
weight and balance, and the pilot's operating handbook.
38. What maneuvers and procedures
are covered during the in-flight portion?
Prior to undertaking the review, you should interview the pilot
to determine the nature of his or her flying and operating requirements.
The maneuvers and procedures reviewed will vary, depending on
the make and model of the aircraft used. For example, a review
in a light multiengine airplane should be different from one
conducted in a small, two-seat tailwheel airplane without radio
or extra instrumentation. You may wish to recommend that the
pilot take the flight review in the aircraft usually flown, or
in the most complex make and model if several aircraft are flown
regularly. You should also consider your own experience and qualifications
in a given make and model aircraft prior to giving a flight review
in that model.
You should also consider the type of flying generally
performed by the pilot prior to establishing a plan for conducting
his or her flight review. For example, a pilot conducting long-distance
flights between busy terminal areas may need a different review
than a pilot who generally flies in the local area from the same
airport. Nevertheless, you should consider the need for an in-depth
review of certain subjects or procedures if the type of flight
operations is likely to change or if other circumstances exist.
For example, a pilot who normally conducts only local flight
operations may be planning to begin flying to a location in Class
B airspace. Another pilot may operate only a two-seat aircraft
without a radio but in close proximity to Class B airspace. In
both cases, you should include Class B requirements and operating
procedures as part of the flight review.
You should review the pilot's logbook to determine
total fight experience and type and recency of experience in
order to evaluate the need for particular maneuvers and procedures
during the flight review. For example, a pilot who has not flown
in several years may require an extensive review of basic maneuvers
from the practical test standards appropriate to the pilot's
grade of certificate. This same pilot may also require a more
extensive review of FAR Part 91, including recent changes in
airspace and other requirements.
Regardless of flight experience, you should ensure
that the plan includes all areas in which you determine that
the pilot should receive a review in order to operate safely.
Additional information may be found in Advisory
Circulars 61.65 and 61.98.
39. The only rating on my
flight instructor certificate is instrument-airplane. Which aircraft
may I use?
In order to conduct flight reviews, a flight instructor must
hold a category rating on his or her instructor certificate.
Because you hold an instrument rating only, you are not authorized
to conduct flight reviews.
40. The ratings on my pilot
certificate include airplane, single and multiengine land and
glider. The ratings on my flight instructor certificate include
airplane, multiengine and glider. Which aircraft may I use?
You may conduct flight reviews in all multiengine land airplanes
that weigh 12,500 pounds or less, which are not turbojet powered,
and gliders. You may not conduct flight reviews in a single-engine
airplane because you do not hold that airplane class on your
instructor certificate.
41. The ratings on my pilot
certificate include airplane, single and multiengine land. The
ratings on my flight instructor certificate include airplane,
single and multiengine. May I give a flight review in a single-engine
seaplane?
No. You may not conduct a flight review in a single-engine seaplane
because you do not hold that airplane class on your pilot certificate.
In summary, the aircraft category and class used
for the flight review must appear on the pilot's certificate,
your pilot certificate, and your flight instructor certificate.
42. Must I possess a current
medical certificate when I conduct a flight review?
No. You should ensure, however, during the preflight phase of
the review, that the pilot is qualified for and accepts the role
of pilot in command.
43. Must I have five hours
of pilot-in-command flight time in each make and model of aircraft
in which I conduct flight instruction for the issuance of a certificate
or rating in multiengine airplanes and helicopters?
No. The five-hour experience requirements is for giving flight
instruction for the issuance of a certificate or rating in multiengine
airplanes and helicopters.
44. What are my responsibilities
following the conduct of a flight review?
Upon completion of the review, you should debrief the pilot and
inform him or her whether the review was satisfactory or unsatisfactory.
Regardless of this determination, you should provide the pilot
with comprehensive analysis of his or her performance, including
any weak areas. If the flight review was satisfactory, endorse
the pilot's logbook accordingly. You should not endorse the pilot's
logbook to reflect an unsatisfactory review.
45. How do I log the flight
time?
You may log the entire flight as pilot-in-command time as provided
by FAR Section 61.51(c)(2)(iii).
46. Must I keep record of
the flight reviews I administer?
Although the FARs do not require you to keep a record of flight
reviews you give, it is highly recommended that you do so.
47. Am I required to get
flight reviews?
Yes. If you do not meet an exemption listed in question 2 and
you want to retain the privilege to act as pilot in command,
you must meet the requirement.
48. Must I go to the FAA
for my flight review?
No. An appropriately certificated instructor or person designated
by the FAA administrator may conduct your flight review.
49. May I endorse my logbook
for the satisfactory completion of a flight review?
The FARs do not specifically prohibit this; however, clearly
the intent of FAR Section 61.56 is for an impartial observer
to review your flying skills and discuss FAR Part 91 with you.
50. Will attendance at a
flight instructor refresher course serve as a flight review?
Attendance at a course conducted to meet the provision of FAR
Section 61.197(c) does not exempt an attendee from the flight
portion of the review. Attendance will satisfy the ground portion
of the review.
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